environment

Constitutionalization of environmental relations in Russia: Formation and development

Introduction: The formation and development of constitutional norms of the protection of nature and the environment is an important condition for creating the favorable environment in the interests of present and future generations. An analysis of the evolution of this process will allow us to trace legal trends in this area and further prospects for constitutionalization of environmental relations. Theoretical analysis. The analysis of the genesis of constitutionalization of environmental relations in Russia has shown that this process has followed the path of recognition of environmental human rights and establishment of environmental responsibilities, which is an important constitutional and legal security measure aimed at creating the favorable environment, ensuring environmental rights of citizens, and acts as an indicator demonstrating the willingness of the state to ensure environmental safety of Russia. Empirical analysis. The development of the process of constitutionalization of environmental relations in Russia is carried out, among other things, through amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that these amendments will not have an immediate positive effect, but they are still a positive trend towards constitutionalization of environmental relations, an “ecological investment in the future”, aimed at forming ecological culture, consolidating positive environmental traditions. Conclusion. Despite the existence of constitutional provisions for environmental protection and a large body of environmental legislation formed on the basis of constitutional prescriptions, Russia has not been able to solve environmental problems so far. Therefore, it is concluded that Russia, despite the legal evolution of environmental relations to the extent of their constitutionalization, cannot yet be called an “ecological state”, since an effective ecological and legal mechanism for implementing constitutional requirements in this area must be created for this purpose.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2023, vol. 23, iss. 3
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the policies of countries: The example of China and Nigeria

COVID-19 pandemic’s emergence came to the whole world as a rude shock which affected the health system of all countries of the world including the developed nations. The pandemic broke out in Wuhan China in 2019 and has since then been ravaging the whole world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and it was pronounced a pandemic. The virus came in to Nigeria in the year 2020 and since then, Nigeria as a country has been battling with the pandemic just as it is across the globe. The coronavirus disease has been affecting Nigeria in every sphere while not sparing every part of human lives and the environment at large. The measures taken to curtail the spread of the virus have negative impacts on the economy, judicial system and well-being of Nigerians generally. This article examines what COVID-19 is all about, its origin, effects and impact on the environment while considering the effects of COVID-19 on the administration of justice system in Nigeria. It also examined the various eff orts by Nigerian government in combating the pandemic by putting up some Regulations immediately in order to ensure environmental sustainability. Adequate recommendations were made at the end of the work.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2022, vol. 22, iss. 3
The Principle of Priority of Protection of Land as a Component of Environmental Environment before it Can Be Used as a Real Estate and Its Implementation in Judicial Practice

Introduction. In article one of the basic principles of the land right mentioned in Art. 1 of the Land code of the Russian Federation, the fixing priority of protection of the earth as the most important component of the environment and means of production in agricultural industry and forestry before use of the earth as a fast estate is investigated. Theoretical analysis. This principle means that possession, use and the order of the earth are carried out by owners of the land plots freely if it does not cause an environmental damage. Investigating this principle, the author notes that requirements for protection of the earth as natural object are designed for large land massifs, and establish features of protection of the whole categories of lands. From this the special requirements distributed to owners of the concrete land plots follow. Results. The author reasons a conclusion that uniform requirements neither for protection, nor for use of the land plots which equally would extend to all categories of lands do not exist. Conclusion. Having investigated the mechanism of realization of the principle of a priority of protection of the earth as environment component before its use as fast estate, the author reveals a number of the mutual rights and obligations of bodies of the public power and land users, with fixing of measures of responsibility for violation with the last of norms and rules, and limiting the rights of owners of the land real estate.

 IZVESTIYA OF SARATOV UNIVERSITY. NEW SERIES. SERIES: ECONOMICS. MANAGEMENT. LAW. 2017. Т. 17, вып. 2