общественный контроль

In article features of realization of public control over functioning of courts in the Russian Federation are considered, the characteristic of forms of control of citizens and the institutes of a civil society used for maintenance of an openness of activity of judicial system is given. 

Introduction. The socio-political sphere of the state is the foundation of its democratic development and a prerequisite for longterm state-building. The history of the development of the Russian state testifies to the absence of traditions of the formation of democratic institutions and their development. Social movements in the modern state are the mainstay of the development of the country’s political system and the prerequisite for the formation of new political parties. In accordance with the Federal Law “On Public Associations”, a public movement is a type of public association that has a mass character and pursues social, political and other socially useful goals. Taking into account the peculiarities of the current stage of constitutional and legal regulation of the activities of political parties, it is necessary to consider the issue of expanding the participation of social movements in the socio-political life and in the electoral process. Theoretical analysis. Today, Russia stands on the path of democratic transformation of all state institutions. The institutions of the socio-political sphere of civil society also need this transformation. The activities of political parties in a country with a stable constitutional framework are the basis for the exercise of state power. The functioning party system of modern Russia is not characterized by elements of completeness. Social movements, taking into account the Russian reality, could become a platform for the formation of competitive political parties in the future. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the content of the Federal Law “On the basic guarantees of electoral rights and the right to participate in the referendum of citizens of the Russian Federation” indicates the legal consolidation of such a concept as “electoral association”. This concept is introduced to define the subject of electoral actions in the process of holding elections at various territorial levels. Its content indicates that in the framework of federal and regional elections, these are primarily political parties. In elections to local self-government bodies, such an electoral association may be a public movement, provided that the purpose of participation in the elections is fixed in the statutory documents. Results. The natural process of forming political parties is related to their grassroots level of formation. Today’s Russian party system is in crisis, and small political parties do not enjoy electoral support. It is necessary to create legal conditions for the development of socio-political movements – as an organizational basis for the formation of political parties with stable political programs. The conclusion is formulated that among all the variety of social movements functioning in Russia, one can distinguish such a variety as socio-political movements and provide for their right to nominate candidates for deputies in single-mandate and multi-mandate electoral districts, as well as their participation in the implementation of public control in Russia.

Introduction. Public control is an attribute of a developed civil society in the state. In Russia, the Federal law regulating the procedure for public control was adopted in 2014. This law has established a limited range of subjects of public control in Russia, however, current legislation indicates the actual inclusion of other subjects not stipulated in the law in this mechanism. A citizen of the Russian Federation is not directly listed by the Federal law as a subject of public control, however, the law provides for forms of participation of citizens in the process under consideration. Theoretical analysis. Russia today stands on the path of democratic transformation of all state institutions. The implementation of fundamental constitutional provisions regarding the recognition of human and civil rights and freedoms as the highest value is impossible without the functioning of instruments of public control over the activities of public authorities. Developed democracy presupposes the exercise of public control by the entire multi-level system of civil society institutions, with the citizen at the center. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the content of the Federal law “On fundamentals of public control in the Russian Federation” from the point of view of consolidation of constituent entities of social control and forms of its implementation, allows to conclude that, in fact, the law duplicated the forms of social control and subject composition fixed earlier by the Federal law “On Public chamber of the Russian Federation. The current legislation indicates that the central link in the number of subjects of public control are public chambers and public councils operating in Russia and that there are no legal guarantees of citizen participation in the implementation of public control. Results. The current development of the procedure for implementing public control in Russia implies the need for legislative consolidation of direct forms of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in this mechanism. Direct forms of such participation can be: appeals to state authorities and local self-government bodies in the form of proposals with wide public awareness via Internet resources; participation of citizens in the electoral process as public observers; participation as a member of the public chamber of any territorial level of the organization; participation as members of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit associations; participation as public inspectors and experts on the initiative of Russian citizens.

Introduction. For the first time, the creation of the Civic Chamber in Russia was connected with the need to adopt a new Constitution in 1993, as well as to search for public consent and overcome political instability in the state. Despite the short period of its operation, the Civic Chamber, created by the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, served as the impetus for the creation of civic chambers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, many of which are continuously operating to date. Theoretical analysis. Today, Russia is on the way to the democratic transformation of all state institutions. The implementation of the fundamental constitutional provisions in the recognition of human rights and freedoms of a person and citizen as a supreme value is impossible without public control tools over the activities of public authorities. The civic chamber, functioning at both the federal and regional levels, promotes the dialogue between the government and society, and also directly participates in government decision-making, which contributes to meeting the urgent needs of society and the individual citizen. Empirical analysis. In the course of their activity, both the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and the civic chambers of the subjects of Russia, the functional elements of their legal status changed. This transformation took place under the influence of social trends of the Russian state and the needs of society as a whole. Results. The result of the analysis of the historical retrospective review of the creation process and activity of the Civic Chamber in Russia is the identification of the historical stages of the institution under consideration, as well as the need to ensure its independence and informational openness.