the Constitution of the Russian Federation

The child and the Constitution of Russia: Conversations about important issues

Introduction. The presumption of knowledge of the law and laws of the state assumes that every citizen knows the necessary amount of legal information sufficient to fulfill the basic obligation to comply with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the study of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and basic laws is mandatory and should be integrated into educational programs at all levels. Special attention should be paid to the constitutional and legal education of children, because at this age the model of behavior, which a person will follow in the future, is laid. Theoretical analysis. The study of the Constitution of Russia in childhood and adolescence is based on the concept of meta-law, which asserts the unity of law, religion, philosophy, science, and art. In the educational paradigm of meta-law, the Constitution is perceived through spiritual and moral values, ethical, moral attitudes, confirming by legal authority the correctness of the ideas about what is due that the child has learned. The initial stage of studying the Basic Law of the country may coincide with the child’s study of the alphabet, when individual letters of the alphabet will be fixed in the child’s memory by the example of categories of constitutional law that are accessible to understanding. It is fruitful to address the content of the Constitution of Russia through the prism of elementary plots of folk tales reflecting the archetypes of popular consciousness. Through the fairy tale, the child is introduced to the national worldview, learns to recognize himself or herself as part of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, who embodied their political will in the Basic Law of the country. Folk art expresses an ideal presented in an artistic form. The Constitution legally formalizes the people’s idea. That is why legal folklore studies should be integrated into educational programs in literature, social studies, and jurisprudence. Works of children’s fiction devoted to the Basic Law of the country are the most correct form for the perception of the text of the Constitution by children aged six to eight. Serious discussions about the Constitution of Russia, the history of the constitutional idea in our country, political power and constitutional practice of the state should take place at high school age. The choice of a form of submission of constitutional and legal information is determined by mental generational characteristics of children in accordance with the information environment in which their formation and development took place. Results. The authors conclude that the theory of the Constitution should be integrated into the program of basic general education and offer the fundamentals of a specialized pedagogical strategy for studying the Constitution by children. The methodology of studying the Constitution by children determines the identity of the legal system of Russia, where moral norms, ethics, morality, culture are the co-regulators of law. The format of educational practices depends on the stages of growing up, socialization and individualization of the child.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2023, vol. 23, iss. 2
Strategic national priorities of Russia in the 2020 amendments to the Russian Constitution

Introduction. Strategic national priorities in Russia are enshrined in the National Security Strategy, which was approved in 2021. In this regard, the question arises: how do these priorities correlate with the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation that were introduced in 2020. Theoretical analysis. It was revealed that, depending on the stages of development of the state, the system of priorities may change, which is due to both domestic and international factors. Fixing the system of priorities in a special document sets the vectors for the development of the state for a certain period. The fixation of these strategic priorities of the state in the Basic Law of the country gives them a special meaning, significance and special increased protection. Empirical analysis. The author carried out a comparative analysis of strategic national priorities with the text of the constitutional amendments adopted in 2020. The analysis revealed their compliance and the possibility of implementation by the public authorities of modern Russia. Results. The system of strategic national priorities of modern Russia is built in such a way as to achieve the national goals of the development of the Russian state, prevent the onset of internal and external threats to the country, and their implementation is possible only through the coordinated functioning and interaction of all public authorities and civil society institutions, citizens of the Russian Federation.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2023, vol. 23, iss. 2
Unrestricted human rights and freedoms: Legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia (1995–2022)

Introduction. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 in several articles provides for the right of the state to restrict the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in order to achieve certain goals. Part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the general conditions for the restriction of all rights and freedoms of the individual. However, this constitutional norm does not give an answer to the question of whether there are rights and freedoms of an individual that cannot be limited. Theoretical analysis. Part 3 of Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a kind of “general part” of the institution of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual; and in this “general part” there are no exceptions in the form of unrestricted rights and freedoms. In the scientific literature, they often refer to part 3 of article 56 when they state the existence of unrestricted rights and freedoms. In our opinion, Article 56 is of a special nature - it establishes the foundations of the state of emergency, including the rules for restricting rights and freedoms in a state of emergency. However, unlimited rights and freedoms of the individual exist – their list was formed by the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Empirical analysis. Since 1995, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in more than 40 decisions, as well as in definitions, has substantiated the presence of certain unrestricted human rights and freedoms in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The possibility of singling out this group of rights and freedoms is explained mainly by the fact that these human rights and freedoms cannot conflict with the constitutional goals of restricting rights and freedoms. Results. It is concluded that the legal positions formed by the Constitutional Court of Russia regarding the existence of unrestricted human rights and freedoms have practical consequences, primarily for the federal legislator, since they establish the framework for his / her law-making activities. These positions are the basis for developing federal laws and the basis for correcting existing federal laws. They can also be criteria for determining the constitutionality of federal laws in the exercise of preliminary or subsequent constitutional review.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2022, vol. 22, iss. 4
Constitutional and legal regulation of the limits of implementation, degree of permissible restrictions on the basic economic rights of the individual

Introduction. Many scientific works are devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of the restriction of human rights and freedoms. However, issues of the admissibility and proportionality of restrictions on the economic rights of a person and a citizen are the subject of scientific controversy, which predetermines the expediency of addressing the topic of this study. Theoretical analysis. The author made an attempt to theoretically comprehend the concept of “restriction of the right”, presenting a scheme for dividing human and civil rights and freedoms, regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, into groups according to the degree of permissible restrictions, based on an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors. Empirical analysis. The author highlights that “obligations” and “prohibitions” remain the main methods of legal influence in regulating implementation of economic rights, often with the imposition of liability disproportionate to the committed act, which is also confirmed by the conclusions of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and the Presidential Commissioner of the Russian Federation for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Results. It is proposed to consider restrictions on constitutional economic rights and freedoms as a change in the scope of their powers by interfering with the basic economic right by establishing obligations, prohibitions, and liability within the framework of: general limits for the exercise of rights and freedoms (reservations immanent in the constitution); reservations immanent in specific fundamental rights, simple reservations qualified in the relevant articles of the Constitution; immanent limits of restrictions on specific economic rights of the individual by the state. There is a growing need for a clearer regulation of the processes of institutionalization of assessment of the regulatory impact of regulations in the field of implementation of economic rights, constitutionalization of these relations.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2022, vol. 22, iss. 3
The Constitutional Right of Everyone to Freely Produce Information: Concept and Essence

Introduction. The article deals with a complex analysis of the constitutional legal regulation of the right of everyone to produce information. Theoretical analysis. The author considers various approaches of scientists to the content of the right to information. The right to produce information is generally considered as one of the warrants of the right to information. There is no concept of the production of information in Russian legislation, but at the same time, synonymous terms are used. They reflect the essence of the production of information, such as: “making”, “creation”, “editing”, “processing”, “formation”, “preparation” of information. The author considers constituents of the constitutional formulation that reads «everyone has the right to produce information». Results. The author notes that the right to produce information can be regarded as a subjective constitutional right to create an information product, regardless of its presentation in the process of creative, production and other socially useful activity of a person and citizen, as the right to make, process, prepare and edit information products with the aim of replicating such information. The author proposes to consider the right to produce information as an independent subjective right and formulates her own notion of the constitutional right to produce information.

 Izv. Saratov Univ. (N. S.), Ser. Economics. Management. Law, 2019, vol. 19, iss. 1