установление дистанции выстрела

Identifying the distance of the shot on the shot spread, when shooting cartridges equipped with wad containers

Introduction. Most often, in cases of crimes related to the use of firearms, in addition to establishing that an object belongs to a fi rearm and resolving the issue of its serviceability and suitability for shooting, it is necessary to solve other non-identifi cation tasks, such as establishing  the direction and distance of the shot. As a rule, these two tasks are set together and the identifi cation of such signifi cant data as the distance of the shot and the angle at which the gunshot damage was infl icted allows us to give a correct criminal-legal assessment of the events that occurred. In this work, the results obtained by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram were compared with the real data obtained when shooting cartridges, factory equipment with wad containers. Experimental part. The experiment was conducted in a closed shooting range, targets made of 1 mm thick metal sheets, chipboard and wallpaper were selected. The shooting was carried out from three distances: 5, 10, 15 meters; half of the targets were located at an angle of 90 degrees, the second half was placed at an angle of 75 degrees. A total of 54 shots were fi red: 18 shots at targets made of wallpaper, 18 shots at metal sheets and 18 shots at chipboard. The weapon used in the experiment was a copy of the IZH-27M 12-caliber hunting rifl e. The shooting was carried out from the upper barrel with a muzzle narrowing “choke” with cartridges of the Russian company “NPF “AZOT” the model “Azot Russian Hunter B/K”. Discussion of results. The obtained results of the scattering diameters of shot spread were used to determine the distance of the shot using the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram. The calculated intervals of distances were compared with the actual shooting distances. The results of the comparison show that the values of the intervals of the shot distance obtained by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram give a signifi cant error – the actual values of the shot distance are about a third greater than the upper limit of the interval of the shot distance determined by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram. According to the results of the study, a proprietary nomogram was derived to determine the shot distance from the traces of shot spread. Conclusions. If there is a trace of the wad container, to determine the distance of the shot, it is better not to use the Lisitsyn nomogram, but to build an experimental dependence of the maximum and minimum values of the diameters of the shot spread at specifi c distances for a gun from the scene of the incident or a similar model of weapon. There is a need to improve and update currently existing methodological research, since the use of outdated information hinders the rational implementation of the tasks assigned to forensic ballistics. It is necessary to conduct research to establish the fi ring distance of a poly projectile when using a weapon with a specifi c drilling of the Lancaster barrel bore. The latest developments in the weapons industry – such models as the TR 366 TKM with a “Paradox” type barrel drill, in which a 366 TKM shotgun cartridge with an oval capsule for a police squad can be used, require further improvement of methods for establishing the distance of the shot.

Device for Experimental Shooting of Firearms and its Role in Providing Expert Research on Establishment of Circumstances of the Shot I. V. Latyshov Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Interior of Russia,

Introduction. In order to meet the objectives for establishment of circumstances of the shot, the process of experimental shooting when shooting firearms propose a new design of a special device, allowing to obtain more accurate information about the gunshot residue in studies of objects with a complex shape of the outer surface. The article provides a comparative study of the traces of the shot from a Kalashnikov AKS-74U on the currently used flat targets and targets, mounted on a removable element with the ability to take the desired shape of the outer surface. Theoretical analysis. Now several designs of devices for experimental firing which along with advantages have also essential shortcomings are known. The main difference of the device presented in article from known is existence of a compound frame for installation of the target containing a removable element which is made of high-plastic material earlier. It allows to repeat a form of the object presented for examination at the time of a criminal shot. Experimental part. The study consisted of experimental firing, evaluation of the morphology of gunshot injuries and comparison of the topography of the distribution of gunshot residue in the area of gunshot injuries. Discussion of results. The analysis of traces of a close shot on flat and curved targets has allowed to establish distinctions of signs of influence of a gas-powder stream, thermal and mechanical effect of powder grains, adjournment of a soot. Conclusions. Found that when firing AKS-74U on flat targets and targets that are installed on the removable element, bent to the desired shape, there are differences in the morphological characteristics of gunshot injuries and topography sediment traces close shot. Thus, the use of the proposed device, comprising a removable element for attachment of the target, the shape of which follows the shape of the outer surface of the investigated object allows to obtain more accurate information about the gunshot residue in studies of objects with a complex shape of the outer surface.