инновационная активность

Introduction. To assess the efficiency of the state policy on the support and development of small innovative business, a corresponding system of evaluation indicators and indices should be designed. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a number of new indicators to characterize the innovative activity of small business on the basis of the expense–output indicator ratio of innovation activity and the dynamics of these indicators. Theoretical analysis. The formation of an effective national innovation system is impossible without solving the most urgent problems of ensuring a sufficient level and rate of the development of small innovative business. Significant efforts from the authorities, business, and society are made towards its development and comprehensive support in the innovation-developed countries. Methods. Special monitoring of the innovation activity of small business is carried out in the Russian Federation. Commercial organizations being subjects of small business are to submit Form 2-MP, regardless of the kind of ownership of every business entity. The determining criteria are the number of employees and the fixed capital structure. Results. A new approach to the innovation activity evaluation of small and medium businesses at both macrolevel and mesolevel is proposed in the paper on the basis of comparison of the rates of change of the resulting indicators of the innovative activity of enterprises with the rate of change of indicators of the expenses for innovative activities. Conclusions: the approach developed allows evaluating the impact of the state’s efforts of increasing the innovative activity of small and medium businesses in its dynamics.

Introduction. The article examines the general immunity of the Russian economy to innovation, which is inherent in it at the present stage. It is caused by a number of macro and microeconomic, as well as institutional factors. This was an important reason that did not allow us to achieve a number of ambitious economic goals set by the country’s leaders. Theoretical analysis. The review of empirical and statistical material confirms the negative trends that exist in Russian economy, associated with a decrease in the innovative activity of enterprises and organizations. Among the macroeconomic factors of innovation immunity of the Russian economy, the following are distinguished: a one-sided developed economic structure with a hypertrophied predominance of raw materials and energy-producing industries with a low added value of the final product; insufficient aggregate demand for innovation on the part of the state, firms and households, as well as the lack of investment resources for enterprises and organizations to implement innovation activities. Microeconomic factors of the Russian economy’s immunity to innovation are: lack of internal sources of financing from enterprises; the high cost of credit resources; lack of tax incentives and the lack of effective state support for innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized businesses. support for innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized businesses. Results. It is concluded that the support of innovation activity requires the protection of property rights, a fair tax and judicial system, the absence of administrative barriers and excessive regulation, the presumption of innocence of the entrepreneur, and general political and economic stability. At the present stage, it is necessary to develop a unified state strategy for innovative development, focused on increasing labor productivity and achieving sustainable economic growth, support innovation, especially at the level of small and medium-sized enterprises.