Конституция РФ

Introduction. Many scientific works are devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of the restriction of human rights and freedoms. However, issues of the admissibility and proportionality of restrictions on the economic rights of a person and a citizen are the subject of scientific controversy, which predetermines the expediency of addressing the topic of this study. Theoretical analysis. The author made an attempt to theoretically comprehend the concept of “restriction of the right”, presenting a scheme for dividing human and civil rights and freedoms, regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, into groups according to the degree of permissible restrictions, based on an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors. Empirical analysis. The author highlights that “obligations” and “prohibitions” remain the main methods of legal influence in regulating implementation of economic rights, often with the imposition of liability disproportionate to the committed act, which is also confirmed by the conclusions of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation and the Presidential Commissioner of the Russian Federation for the Protection of Entrepreneurs' Rights, the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Results. It is proposed to consider restrictions on constitutional economic rights and freedoms as a change in the scope of their powers by interfering with the basic economic right by establishing obligations, prohibitions, and liability within the framework of: general limits for the exercise of rights and freedoms (reservations immanent in the constitution); reservations immanent in specific fundamental rights, simple reservations qualified in the relevant articles of the Constitution; immanent limits of restrictions on specific economic rights of the individual by the state. There is a growing need for a clearer regulation of the processes of institutionalization of assessment of the regulatory impact of regulations in the field of implementation of economic rights, constitutionalization of these relations.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of conflicts between the interpretation of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights in the context of a particular problem and how the resistance of national legislation to acts of an international character is manifested. Theoretical analysis. The article deals with decisions concerning the promotion of information about homosexual preferences to minors, which, in the opinion of the Constitutional Court, may harm their development. The European Court considers that this restriction is a kind of violation of the rights and freedoms of sexual minorities. Also, a resolution was adopted, according to which the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are priority in relation to acts of an international character. In this regard, the Constitutional Court in its response decision declared it impossible to implement the decision of the European Court of Human Rights to award compensation by the Russian Federation to the YUKOS company. Conclutions. The following conclusions are presented. Despite the opinion of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in its decisions, seeks to achieve a compromise between the interests of the majority groups of the country’s population and private individual preferences, as well as a dialogue with the international court of justice on the principle of equal partnership. These components are the basis for the stability of our legislation and our values, since, on the one hand, it does not allow harmful acts of a normative nature to penetrate and take hold, and, on the other hand, it preserves the democratic essence of Russian law. To implement the above in real life, we recommend the following: 1) adhere to and seek a balance between different systems of values, 2) justify at the level of theory and introduce into legal practice the doctrine of the constitutional identity of the country, based on the interpretation of the basic values of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The article analyzes the prerequisites for changing the Constitution of the Russian Federation existing in the system of Russian law. For Russia, having a quarter-century legislative experience under conditions of democratic socio-political relations and a market economy, the issue of assessing the potential of the current edition of the Constitution is extremely relevant. Theoretical analysis. An important vectorial principle in the Constitution of the Russian Federation is its focus on the human rights, ensuring rights and freedoms of people. This constitutional principle is implemented by endowing each of the branches of power with an equal amount of authority and responsibility to participate in public administration. Empirical analysis. We proved that the most common cause of imbalance in the system of checks and balances is the changes in society itself. The individual signs of the existing imbalance between the branches of power are considered. Conclutions. We highlighted the lack of objective grounds for reviewing the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation or the adoption of its new version. At the same time, the possibility of making separate, point-wise amendments to the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation regarding the powers of the branches of state power is considered.

Introduction. The article deals with determining the place of the constitutional right of everyone to freely produce information in the system of personal information rights. Theoretical analysis. The author considers different approaches of scientists to the definition of “human rights in the information sphere”, “information rights”, “right of information”. The author considers correlation of the constitutional right to freely produce information with personal information rights enshrined in part 4 of Art. 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Results. The author notes that constitutional scientists and experts in information law consider personal information rights as a part of the freedom of speech and press; others consider these rights as a symbol of a whole group of personal rights and freedoms; still others claim that personal information rights fall into the category of public, political rights; at the same time, some scientists believe that these rights belong to the group of personal rights. The author supposes that the rights to seek, receive, transmit and disseminate information are secondary to the right to produce information.