protectionism

Neoprotectionism as a necessary condition for the technological development of modern Russia

Introduction. The contradictions that have accumulated in the world economy call into question the advantages of globalization and free trade, reinforcing the tendencies of protectionism. Theoretical analysis. Since mercantilism, which created the prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution, protectionism and industrial policy havebeen used as complementary mechanisms. In the twentieth century, protectionism was fi nally ousted from trade policy and from scientifi c research. However, the policy of free-trade has not been able to remove the contradictions of the countries of the “core” and “periphery”, whose socio-economic inequality persists. There is a need to develop a new concept of international trade, called neoprotectionism. Empirical analysis. A signifi cant disruption of the international trade balance between its largest participants signifi cantly aff ects Russia. The reproduction system created after the reforms and the level of gross accumulation insuffi cient to overcome deindustrialization led to a high degree of depreciation of fi xed assets and the destruction of the production basis of the Russian economy. Results. The risk of external threats and the need to overcome the technological gap determine the use of neoprotectionism, which provides preferences primarily for enterprises aimed at social effi ciency, since the concept of a domestic producer has lost its original meaning in the process of globalization.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2022, vol. 22, iss. 2
Modern Trends of Protectionism in Regulation of International Trade

The use of protective tools is one of the most important and controversial trends in foreign policy, especially in the formulation of economic policies in developing countries and countries with economies in transition in contemporary geo-economic transformations. Theoretical analysis. Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of protectionist regulation aimed at supporting the normal functioning of the national market mechanism under the presence in the global market economies with different efficiency and opportunistic features are highlighted and the reasons for the positive and negative consequences of the use of protectionism. The study of modern mechanism of protection in the context of the functioning of the WTO and the development of the global market led to the conclusion of the irreversibility of reducing import tariffs, which, however, does not preclude the temporary introduction of customs tariffs in developed countries in a quite high rates of import duties, which are widely used in the context of anti-dumping and countervailing investigations. In addition, the financial crisis, climate change and the requirements for food safety have led to the increased use of non-tariff instruments in the practice of protectionist regulations, which include technical barriers to trade, application of sanitary and phytosanitary standards. Conclusions. The study concluded that the need for protectionist instruments by developing countries including the country’s post-Soviet space, to achieve economic and social goals. In Ukraine, the protectionist tools are used primarily to achieve the traditional goals of protecting domestic producers and tariff regulation is carried out in accordance with WTO agreements, which gradually draws restrictions and support to certain limits: quantitative, time-bound and objectives. It thus minimizes the negative effects of protectionism in the development of national economies, global trade and consumer welfare of the global economy.

 Izv. Sarat. Univ. Economics. Management. Law, 2013, vol. 13, iss. 3(1)
Renaissance of Protectionism as a Concept of Economic Policy: Theoretical and Applied Aspects

Introduction. Changes in the balance of power in the global economy, the increasing role of the Asia-Pacific countries in international trade, the consequences of the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a revision of foreign trade policy by both developed and developing countries, to an increased application of protective measures of national economy. Theoretical analysis. State economic policy aimed at protecting and realizing the interests of the national economy is protectionism in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, protectionism is considered as a foreign trade policy. The use of historical and logical methods in the study of the foreign trade policy of protectionism made it possible to identify the main stages of its development and the characteristics of each stage. Empirical analysis. The study analyzes the dynamics of the current and financial accounts of the balance of payments of Russia and the largest participants in international trade, shows the degree of their dependence on international trade and their vulnerability to the strengthening of protectionist measures. The article substantiates the need for Russia to pursue a policy of neo-protectionism, stimulate the generation of its own value chains and join regional chains, and actively participate in regional and preferential trade agreements. Results. At the new stage of the foreign trade policy of protectionism, its measures became more hidden, and the role of customs duties faded into the background. The desire to reduce non-tariff barriers, protect intellectual property rights, remove restrictions associated with manipulating the exchange rate, encourage regional integration, the conclusion of preferential trade agreements. In the future, having fulfilled a progressive role, regional and preferential agreements can be transformed into multilateral ones. The creation of a mechanism for such a transformation may become a new function of the reformed WTO.

 Izv. Saratov Univ. (N. S.), Ser. Economics. Management. Law, 2020, vol. 20, iss. 4