управление проектами

The Peculiarities of Project Management Methods Implementation in the Activities of Tax Authorities

Introduction. The introduction of project management practices in administrations of all levels is one of the key tasks that the state sets before the Executive authorities today. However, the functional structure of state bodies significantly limits the effectiveness of the project approach. There is a need to adapt the methods of corporate project management to the strictly regulated activities of state and local administrations and services. Theoretical analysis. In the last decade, the Federal Tax Service (FTS) of Russia has shown impressive results in the modernization and optimization of its activities based on the introduction of project management principles. However, the application of the project approach in the performance of functions and tasks of regional and local tax authorities has its own characteristics and limitations. Empirical analysis. The study concludes that the classical principles of project management will not be highly effective in the process activities of territorial tax officials due to the rigidity of the traditional approach to change. Results. In the conditions of high uncertainty and constant changes in the tax legislation in the territorial divisions of the Federal Tax Service, it is advisable to apply flexible methods of project management on the basis of the Agile family. Overcoming barriers to the adaptation of Agile technologies to the activities of tax administrations is possible by the improvement of the legal framework and the creation of a methodology for the implementation of project management in the tax authorities of the regional and local level.

Project Management: Mathematical Models of Optimal Executors’ Appointment for Project Works

Introduction. The majorityof projects implemented in the world community exceeds in duration and cost limits indicated on the planning phase, so they are not successfully executed. In our opinion, the main reason for this situation is the complexity of the optimal selection and appointment of executors to perform main project work, coupled with the lack of consideration for a number of important factors. Theoretical analysis. Theory and practice of project management and operations research proposed a number of optimization models for drafting work schedules taking into account their interrelationships, as well as the necessary resources. These models are usually referred to a class of extremely NP-hard, which explains some difficulties for their effective implementation into practice. Methodology. The basic problem of optimal selection and executors’ appointment for project work, which takes into account the topology of the network schedule, as well as the optimization criterion serving the duration of the project is researched. In researched model the limits on the total cost of all the work for the project are set, and it is determined that only one executor is involved for each job, which, if necessary, is able to perform a number of tasks. Results. During the research more significant limitations, which are implemented in the model and can significantly expand the scope and improve the efficiency of its use in practice, were developed by authors. The article provides a detailed description of the meaningful data limitations, as well as their correct formalization.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ

Введение. До сегодняшнего дня процесс управления проектами является весьма проблематичным. Многие зарубежные и отечественные экономисты посвятили свои научные труды решению возникающих при управлении проектами проблем. С этой целью ими предлагаются самые различные подходы. Теоретический анализ. В результате проведенного теоретического анализа были определены направления решения существующих проблем управления проектами, к которым следует отнести использование: мощных методов планирования и управления, таких как «Раскадровка»; прогрессивного алгоритма решения проблем; информационных технологий и специализированного программного обеспечения. Результаты. Выявлены отличия программного и проектного управления от традиционных методов отраслевого и внутрифирменного управления, а также отличия программного управления от проектного. Предложено производить декомпозицию генеральной цели программы (проекта) путем составления дерева целей в форме иерархической схемы ориентированного графа. Для межведомственных, межрегиональных программ рекомендуется создание координационных комиссий во главе с представителями правительства Федерации или регионов. Для программного управления рекомендуется применение программно ориентированных организационных структур; для проектного управления – схемы проектно ориентированные: проектная для инновационных проектов, а также матричная схема.