Law

Introduction. The study of historical and legal development of agrarian relations in Russia is of great importance for the theory and practice of the development of modern social relations in the field of agriculture. The agrarian reforms implemented by the prominent political figure, Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, generalized into a single historical experience, can be the basis for determining the potential and directions for the development of modern agrarian relations, the degree of their liberalism and understanding the role of the state in this process. The identified shortcomings and advantages of such reforms will make it possible to determine the historical role of the reformer P. A. Stolypin in these transformations and trace the evolution of the Russian state in the socio-economic sphere. Theoretical analysis. The article examines the main ideas, directions and results of the agrarian reform of P. A. Stolypin and analyzes its origins and causes. The provisions of the agrarian reform are considered in the context of state support for agriculture and those measures in this direction that were conceived and implemented on Stolypin's initiative. Empirical analysis. The study demonstrated that at the end of the 19th century in Russia a whole complex of political, legal, social and economic problems was formed, the solution of which depended not only on the development of the Russian state, but also on its legal personality. Most of these problems were related to the agricultural sector of the economy and the legal status of the peasantry, the largest social group of Russian citizens at that time. The main directions of Stolypin’s agrarian reform were: endowing peasants with the right to own land in order to form a large class of new effective land owners, as well as introducing market mechanisms into this process, including lending with state support to potential land buyers. Results. It was revealed that certain areas of Stolypin’s reforms, their course and results did not have unconditional recognition among his contemporaries. Their harsh criticism sounded in modern times. The author identifies the reasons for the failures of Stolypin agrarian reforms and concludes that they were more objective in nature, were due to historical and organizational reasons and did not always depend on the will of the reformer. The author highlights that Stolypin's progressive and innovative approach to the development of social relations in Russia provided him with a long historical memory as a great reformer who was not indifferent to the future of Russia and its people. The conceptual ideas of the reformer are still relevant, and his ideas are promising for the modern transformation of agrarian relations.

Introduction. The presumption of knowledge of the law and laws of the state assumes that every citizen knows the necessary amount of legal information sufficient to fulfill the basic obligation to comply with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the study of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and basic laws is mandatory and should be integrated into educational programs at all levels. Special attention should be paid to the constitutional and legal education of children, because at this age the model of behavior, which a person will follow in the future, is laid. Theoretical analysis. The study of the Constitution of Russia in childhood and adolescence is based on the concept of meta-law, which asserts the unity of law, religion, philosophy, science, and art. In the educational paradigm of meta-law, the Constitution is perceived through spiritual and moral values, ethical, moral attitudes, confirming by legal authority the correctness of the ideas about what is due that the child has learned. The initial stage of studying the Basic Law of the country may coincide with the child’s study of the alphabet, when individual letters of the alphabet will be fixed in the child’s memory by the example of categories of constitutional law that are accessible to understanding. It is fruitful to address the content of the Constitution of Russia through the prism of elementary plots of folk tales reflecting the archetypes of popular consciousness. Through the fairy tale, the child is introduced to the national worldview, learns to recognize himself or herself as part of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, who embodied their political will in the Basic Law of the country. Folk art expresses an ideal presented in an artistic form. The Constitution legally formalizes the people’s idea. That is why legal folklore studies should be integrated into educational programs in literature, social studies, and jurisprudence. Works of children’s fiction devoted to the Basic Law of the country are the most correct form for the perception of the text of the Constitution by children aged six to eight. Serious discussions about the Constitution of Russia, the history of the constitutional idea in our country, political power and constitutional practice of the state should take place at high school age. The choice of a form of submission of constitutional and legal information is determined by mental generational characteristics of children in accordance with the information environment in which their formation and development took place. Results. The authors conclude that the theory of the Constitution should be integrated into the program of basic general education and offer the fundamentals of a specialized pedagogical strategy for studying the Constitution by children. The methodology of studying the Constitution by children determines the identity of the legal system of Russia, where moral norms, ethics, morality, culture are the co-regulators of law. The format of educational practices depends on the stages of growing up, socialization and individualization of the child.

Considered the procedure of appointment and production expertise of electronic documents submitted as evidence in the court of arbitration. Special attention is paid to the analysis of other computer-technical expertise. Allocated objects, provided by the experts for the computer forensics documents on the machine magnetic media.

Correlation of such notions as «informational activity», «informational ensuring», «informing» are analyzed in the article, which is devoted to structural components of mechanism of informing individuals. According to author’s opinion the notion «informational ensuring» includes both notions «informing» and «informational activity».