firearms

In the article shown that the actual task is to develop a forensic requirements and criteria which should satisfy the basic parts of firearms. Was shown that the condition of these parts should be such that they ensure the production of shot and normal interaction with other details of a particular model.

Introduction. The growing number of military and civilian models of firearms equipped with muzzle devices actualizes the expert diagnostics of the facts of using silent shooting devices during committing crimes by their traces on the fi red bullets and fi red cases. Theoretical analysis. Science has identifi ed a number of regularities of the eff ect of silent shooting devices on the mechanism of formation and characteristics of traces on bullets and cartridge cases. Among them are the abrasion and smoothing of traces of the barrel bore on bullets, the formation of traces of the body of homemade silent shooting devices when they are misaligned with the barrel bore, the malfunction of the weapon’s automation, which excludes the possibility of displaying traces of the refl ector and the ejection port on the cartridge cases. Empirical analysis. In order to identify new regularities of infl uence of silent shooting devices on the formation of traces on bullets and cartridge cases, a model scientifi c experiment was conducted. Experimental shooting was conducted from .366 TKM smoothbore rifl es models VPO-209 (Paradox) and AK-366 (Lancaster). The PBS-1 with a rubber obturator of a strong degree of wear was used as a silent shooting device. Cartridges of two types were equipped with lead bullets in a polymer shell, gunpowder “Sunar 7.62” and “Falcon”. Results. It is determined that lead bullets of cartridges undergo characteristic deformation when passing the rubber obturator of the silent shooting device. The body of the bullets stretches and bends, in some cases takes a spindle shape. Cases of partial destruction of bullets have been noted. It is proved that the smoothing of the relief of the traces of the barrel bore, characteristic of the contact interaction of a bullet with a rubber obturator, as well as the additional formation of obturator traces on the bullets do not prevent the identifi cation of fi rearms. Conclusions. The identifi ed regularities expand the possibilities of forensic ballistic examination in determining the facts of the use of silent shooting devices while committing crimes.

Introduction. This article deals with some issues of forensic investigation of civilian firearms manufactured based on combat samples: features of trace formation on bullets and cartridge case design changes of the original models (samples) of the firearms. The authors highlight the problem of the lack of a literary base and illustrative material, necessary for carrying out diagnostic research of traces on bullets and cartridge cases formed when fired from civilian firearms manufactured on the basis of samples of military weapons. Theoretical analysis. The paper analyzes data of weapons factories, as well as weapons they produce. The authors focus on the necessary terms and examples of the weapon, the design of which was modified and is different from the sample combat weapons. The paper looks at the main provisions of some normative and legal acts of the Russian Federation. Results. The authors identified the groups of traces, formed after firing redesigned weapons, and the place of the location on the surface of bullets and casings.

Introduction. In the article the possibility of introduction to legal turnover of short-barreled civil firearms is considered. Prerequisites and the imminent problems of society are described, the possibility of introduction of short-barreled civil weapon for his use by citizens for self-defense is considered, at the controlled and directed nature of process of legalization from law enforcement agencies and according to the tactical and technical and criminalistic requirements to this type of weapon agreed by them. Theoretical analysis. The purposes and tasks for which solution it is supposed to introduce short-barreled civil firearms into legal turnover are considered. The developed tactical and technical and criminalistic requirements as one of necessary conditions for consideration and coordination of the project on legalization of short-barreled civil weapon of self-defense are offered. Empirical analysis. The ballistic experiments showing criteria of efficiency of this type of weapon for assessment of opportunities his use by citizens for self-defense are made. Kinetic and specific energy of the striking elements is calculated. Results. Introduction of the concept on legalization of short-barreled civil firearms of self-defense in the territory of the Russian Federation the citizen with effective weapon for ensuring necessary self-defense, will allow to solve problems of providing with low probability of causing at its application and influence by a shell on the person of a lethal outcome. The possibilities of ballistic identification of short-barreled smooth-bore weapon for the purpose of establishment by law enforcement agencies of a concrete copy and its owner on criminalistic traces on a bullet and a sleeve are considered.