инновации

Basis of industrial power of the state is the mechanical engineering which level of development defines the general technological level of economy. In modern conditions the venture capital becomes one of the most effective sources of investment of innovative activity of the enterprises of mechanical engineering. Theoretical analysis. Present condition of branch of mechanical engineering in Russia was analysed in the article. The concept of the venture capital and its special role of investment in innovative activity for enterprises of mechanical engineering reveals and specified. Research of a current state and level of development of the venture industry in Russia was conducted. The special role of the venture capital as source of investment resources for the mechanical engineering enterprises was proved. Conclutions. Conclusions and methodical recommendations of some authors are given in this article, goal of this are activization and increase of efficiency of the venture capital used for investment in the innovative activity of the mechanical engineering’s enterprises. The actions promoting development and technological updating of the enterprises of mechanical engineering in Russia are formulated and offered.

Introduction. One of the priority tasks for our country is to activate the innovative activity of domestic enterprises. The most important modern tool for increasing the activity of innovative development is digitalization. To achieve high efficiency of digital transformation processes in the context of innovation, it is necessary to determine the most promising option for implementing digitalization processes in order to activate and maintain a high level of efficiency in the development and implementation of innovations at domestic enterprises. Theoretical analysis. Existing theoretical approaches to the concept of digitalization define it as a driver of innovative development. The transition to digital technologies transforms the innovative activity of the enterprise, providing a wide range of opportunities, both by improving the efficiency of processes, and by developing and launching new products or services to the market. While there is a lack of scientific interest in issues complementing the digital transformation of the management system, whereas the concept of balanced digital transformation of production and management systems of the enterprise is not considered that determines the low performance of the initiated change processes of innovation. Empirical analysis. It has been revealed that currently the transition to “digital” is carried out mainly in the production sector. At the same time, there is no relationship between digital technologies used in the management system and the production system, which negatively affects both the effectiveness of current and innovative activities, while research by foreign authors shows an increase in profitability as a result of the synergistic effect of simultaneous digital transformation of the management system and production. Results. A conceptual approach to digitalization of innovative activities of domestic enterprises has been proposed, based on synchronous, dynamic, complementary digital transformation of the production and management spheres. It will ensure the achievement of the goals set.

Introduction. In the heart of the analysis of this article are problems of innovation economy that most clearly characterizes the existence of transaction costs. Over time, the structure of the transaction costs has evolved: in the information economy occupy a significant proportion of the costs of searching for information and costs of measurement in the knowledge economy is gradually gaining weight the costs of negotiating and concluding contracts. With the last quarter of the twentieth century, a particularly important place in the system of transaction costs took the cost of specification and the protection of property rights, as well as the cost of training and retraining of personnel, satisfying the needs of innovation. Theoretical analysis. Of the total transaction cost economic agents depends on their competitiveness in domestic and international markets, because lower costs enable innovative enterprises to carry out their activities efficiently, constantly modifying the escaping product. This gives the opportunity to occupy a privileged position compared with other companies who are forced to spend a large part of their profits not on improving technologies and to cover transaction costs. Therefore, it is important to not only the theoretical substantiation of the need to address the issue of transaction costs, but also offer practical ways to track the dynamics of this kind costs to reduce them. Results. Reviewed by transaction costs accompanying the interaction of economic actors in the transition of the Russian economy on an innovative path, as well as factors which complicates the measurement of transaction costs. Identified obstacles to the emergence of an innovative economy in our country. Proposed a series of measures to effectively reduce the transaction costs.

Введение. Определение вклада университета в экономическое развитие региона необходимо для стимулирования инноваци- онной деятельности, реализуемой университетами, а также для осуществления государственного регулирования деятельности университетов, что требует более глубокого анализа иннова- ционной активности региональных университетов. Развитие инновационной экономики и постоянный мониторинг инноваци- онной активности региональных организаций требует комплекс- ного подхода, применения математических и инструментальных средств анализа. Методы. В статье предложен комплексный подход к решению проблемы оценивания вклада университетов в экономическое развитие региона. Выполнен анализ связи до- ходов университета с его ресурсной базой и построена мульти- пликативная модель зависимости от формирующих эти доходы показателей. Предметом исследования являются индикаторные и функциональные модели, позволяющие оценить вклад уни- верситетов в региональное инновационное развитие. Разрабо- тан экономико-математический инструментарий для анализа и оценивания вклада университета в экономическое развитие региона. Результаты. Проведены вычислительные экспери- менты по данным Росстата на примере Астраханской области. Рассмотрены важные показатели деятельности вузов, произве- дено структурное и кластерное деление показателей. Выявлены зависимости результативного показателя (доходы вузов) от фор- мирующих их факторов. Рекомендации могут применяться для рационализации финансирования инноваций, способствующих повышению качества экономического развития регионов за счет влияния университетов.