инвестиции

Introduction. The relevance of this research is caused by: i) the need to increase the role of bank crediting in the development of investment processes in the agro-industrial complex, ii) the necessity to build a system of crediting of agricultural producers on the basis of analysis of the differentiation of territorial-administrative formations in the region by agricultural production efficiency; iii) the lack of any comprehensive statistical research of the problems of bank crediting of agricultural producers. Objectives: statistical estimation of the volume, dynamics, structure of crediting of administrative-territorial formations in the region by the SberBank of the Russian Federation; ii) statistical analysis of the factors affecting the volume of crediting and the quality of borrowers (their liquidity and probabilistic risk assessment); iii) the formation of a purpose structure in the crediting client search system. Results. In the study, some statistical regularities of the crediting dynamics of the Russian Federation SberBank regarding the manufacturers of various types of agricultural products have been revealed and a quantitative assessment of these regularities is provided on the basis of our sample survey of the credits given in the Orenburg region. The scientific novelty of the statistical study of rural producer crediting as a most important source of investments is in the suggested algorithm of decision-making on crediting in the conditions of both external and internal uncertainties of getting products; a probabilistic assessment and forecasting of the liquidity of a crediting object; a purpose tree required for a client search control system of bank crediting. Conclusion. Application of statistical methods in the evaluation of the quality of borrowers is a promising direction of searching for effective investment ways for rural producers.

The economical growth of any country is directly related to innovation and technological development of those of its branches which have significant potential for improving the competitiveness of the national economy. In conditions of growing food crisis in many countries around the world, the importance of consideration of the possibilities for the production of high-quality food to those countries which possess the necessary capacity for this. Theoretical analysis. Analysis of the reasons hampering innovation activity of food industry enterprises in Ukraine has shown that the most powerful reasons are: lack of adequate financial resources for the implementation of innovative projects, innovative high costs of technical and technological equipment and highly qualified staff wages, the lack of a guaranteed quick return on these costs. Results. The food industry is a strategic sector for the economy of Ukraine. However, the analysis showed that it still has not been able to go to the innovative development. Proof of this are the high rates of wear and tear means of labor, a low percentage of enterprises with innovative characteristics, low level of introduction resource-saving technologies, difficulties in attracting scientific and human resources, search for new ideas. The country’s economy, and in particular its food industry needs to find sources of financing of innovative projects, settlement mechanisms for the use of credit resources, the implementation of an effective system of tax exemptions. Effective lever of accelerating scientific and technological progress in this field may be the use of the experience of developed countries on strengthening the state’s role in the innovation process. Conclusion. Food industry of Ukraine is well positioned to enhance the role of Ukraine among food producers in the world. Priority task at this stage is to intensify innovation and the transition to a higher level of technology.

Introduction. The current stage of development is characterized by widespread digitalization of almost all economy spheres. One of the key areas for the developing digital economy in the Russian Federation is investments and investment relations. The state supports and develops the investments in data-driven formation of the digital economy. The article examines some of the subjects of the country’s influence on the mechanisms for expanding the innovation investment sphere, regarding local development specifics. Theoretical analysis. There are two categories for considering government influence on investments in the digital economy – the investment climate and the country’s investment policy. The key part of the research process is a set of economic, sociological and statistical methods, as well as applied scientific analysis in digitalization field of public institutions, institutional investment and investment relations as part of the economic system. Empirical analysis. Analyzed topical aspects of state role on the investments development in a rapidly changing environment, divided them into six fundamental categories. The process is presented in the forms of activating the legislative process and the testing of regulatory “sandboxes”. The article describes the caution of the Russian Federation in choosing a supported investment industry, its type and accompanying regulatory legal acts. Results. The research shows the development aspects description chosen by the state to support investment in digital economy conditions and a fact analysis of the state methods of influence on investment relations in the context of global and country economy digitalization.

Введение. Теоретически и практически важно изучение взаимодействия отношений собственности и инвестирования, поскольку от этого зависит реальная эффективность развития экономики России. В статье рассматриваются несколько видов механизмов взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций. Теоретический анализ. Механизмы взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций существуют в различных видах и фор- мах, что обусловливает необходимость их изучения в рамках экономической теории. Также важно при изучении механизмов взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций использовать в теории проблему инновационного времени. Инновационный механизм взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций может сформироваться только тогда, ког- да инновационное время станет мерилом успеха страны в целом. Наличие множества экономических механизмов взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций позволяет относиться избирательно к их применению, находить критерии эффективности приме- нения таких механизмов с учетом реальной хозяйственной деятельности в различных регионах. Обсуждение результатов. В современной России особое значение име- ет инновационный механизм взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций. При этом у данного механизма имеются серьезные препятствия в реализации как со стороны адми- нистративных барьеров (в виде коррупции), так и обусловленные неравномерностью ин- вестиционной привлекательности в регионах. Управление регионом практически важно для реализации этого механизма взаимодействия и решения этих проблем. Выводы. Совокупность механизмов взаимодействия собственности и инвестиций в современной России становится реальностью при успешной реализации социального и экономиче- ского механизма такого взаимодействия. Для позитивного взаимодействия собственно- сти и инвестиций чрезвычайно важны социально-экономические интеграторы, которые позволяют объединять их в единое целое.