университет

University as a Driver of Economic Development of the Region: Challenges and Prospects

Introduction. Regional university can be considered one of the key elements for building a regional economic development strategy. This article is devoted to regional university’s long-term development in modern environment. Theoretical analysis. In the context of «triple helix model» the network nature of the interaction between the participants of the innovative process is especially important. Today Russian universities are facing such challenges as urgent need of high-qualified graduates, investments, improvement of educational methods, creation and rapid development of university’s infrastructure, changes in ethic standards etc. Empirical analysis. Cooperation between business, government and universities is a burning issue. This is determined by drastic changes in the employers’ demands of graduates’ abilities, lack of universities’ public funding and the call for new off-budget financial sources. Results. Regional universities are supposed to take a proactive position in regional economy and to become the leaders of future innovations. The forthcoming changes should improve and reorganize the present system of regional higher education. The presumptive features of the new system should be the following: profound cooperation between university management, business and government, meritocratic approach, application of innovative educational techniques and teaching methods. This is to become the foundation of the highly efficient functioning of the universities and regional innovative development on the whole.

The Approaches to the Analysis of the University Influence on Regional Development

The contribution of universities to the generation of innovation and knowledge transfer, the economic development of the region and the country at the regional level is seen as essential to innovation-based growth, so compiling the classification of the main approaches to the analysis is the actual impact. Theoretical analysis. Depending on the approaches used all methods of analysis of the impact of the university on innovative regional development is subdivided into quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as empirical and theoretical methods of economic knowledge. From this perspective, the article provides an overview of few methodologies for analyzing of universities impact in region development, such as methodology of I. A. Mayburov, the methodology of the OECD project «Review of the role of universities in regional development», an integrated model of multifunctional and multi-level participation of universities in regional development in the context of the needs of the region by O. V. Perfilieva, techniques to analyze the experience of interaction existing federal universities with relevant regions of Russia O. V. Perfilieva and T. A. Meshkova, as well as methods of assessing the development of higher education at the regional level by constructing the ratings of subjects of the Russian Federation. Results. Creating mechanisms to identify and monitor trends in the development of education indicators by region provides an opportunity to assess the university’s contribution to the development of the region and to develop assessment tools and models predict the effects of national research universities on the innovative development of the regions.

Models of Interaction of University and Region

Introduction. The urgency is determined by increasing of studying of the problems of interaction the university and the region -is so-called «third role» of universities – the University of interaction with the region. Theoretical analysis. In modern foreign studies on the theory and methodology of innovative development identifies new trends and properties of the interaction of science, business and government. Discussed in the article the university interaction with the local community models are show that more social actors involved in the processes of development of higher education, radically changing the nature of the relationship between science and society. Speaking about the perception of the university in their region, the researchers note several aspects of perception of interaction with the local community universities. Due to the changing role of the university it is modified interaction model university and region. Results. Modeling its interaction with the region, the university should use a systematic approach, relying on the analysis of the consistency of its internal capabilities with the needs of the regional economy, which in turn is consistent with the basic mission of the university in the field of education and research.

Indicators of the Regional Systems of Higher Education Efficiency Evaluation

Introduction. The search for effective models of higher education development necessitates the development of approaches and indicators for assessing the activities of regional higher education systems. The aim of the study is to develop methodological foundations and approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional higher education systems by identifying indicators for a comprehensive assessment of current trends in their development, their implementation of their functions and their socio-economic effectiveness in order to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the higher education system in Russia. Theoretical analysis. The effectiveness of the regional higher education system is evaluated on the basis of its functioning results, which are expressed in the implementation of educational, research and social functions. An urgent vector for the development of this problem is the development of a list of indicators that should, on the one hand, be accessible from available sources and quantitatively measurable, and on the other hand should reflect the contribution of regional higher education systems to regional development and evaluate their effectiveness in the context of involvement in regional development. Empirical analysis. Performance indicators should, accordingly, provide an opportunity to evaluate such results. The system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of regional higher education systems is presented from the perspective of the functional aspect in terms of input and output resources. Results. The development of methods for assessing the effectiveness of the regional innovation system and the contribution of universities to regional development on the basis of the indicators considered will allow us to study various aspects of regional universities’ activities, creating tools for assessing their potential in promoting regional economic development.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МУЛЬТИПЛИКАТИВНЫХ ЗАВИСИМОСТЕЙ В АНАЛИЗЕ ВКЛАДА УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНА

Введение. Определение вклада университета в экономическое развитие региона необходимо для стимулирования инноваци- онной деятельности, реализуемой университетами, а также для осуществления государственного регулирования деятельности университетов, что требует более глубокого анализа иннова- ционной активности региональных университетов. Развитие инновационной экономики и постоянный мониторинг инноваци- онной активности региональных организаций требует комплекс- ного подхода, применения математических и инструментальных средств анализа. Методы. В статье предложен комплексный подход к решению проблемы оценивания вклада университетов в экономическое развитие региона. Выполнен анализ связи до- ходов университета с его ресурсной базой и построена мульти- пликативная модель зависимости от формирующих эти доходы показателей. Предметом исследования являются индикаторные и функциональные модели, позволяющие оценить вклад уни- верситетов в региональное инновационное развитие. Разрабо- тан экономико-математический инструментарий для анализа и оценивания вклада университета в экономическое развитие региона. Результаты. Проведены вычислительные экспери- менты по данным Росстата на примере Астраханской области. Рассмотрены важные показатели деятельности вузов, произве- дено структурное и кластерное деление показателей. Выявлены зависимости результативного показателя (доходы вузов) от фор- мирующих их факторов. Рекомендации могут применяться для рационализации финансирования инноваций, способствующих повышению качества экономического развития регионов за счет влияния университетов.

Problematic Issues of Academic Engagement Between Universities and Business

Introduction. National research universities in addition to the functions of education, research, play an integrating role within the ecosystem of innovation, participating in the process of business development. Paramount importance of academic cooperation between universities and enterprises. Theoretical analysis. In the article the problematic issues of academic cooperation between universities and business associated with his assessment: lack of longitudinal information, the validity and comparability of study results is limited. Discussion of results. the Result of research conducted by the author are the proposals to strengthen the study of the process of academic engagement, examine its implications, institutional aspects. Conclusion. Further study of problematic issues of academic cooperation will allow to draw conclusions about which forms to promote and under what conditions they can achieve further academic or economic goals.

Academic Value Added in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the University

Introduction. Increased interest in the performance of education systems in terms of strengthening the transparency for the state and society form the new tools for assessing the effectiveness based on the concept of the academic added value. Each educational system or institution can be evaluate from the point of view of efficiency of money spent by the state and the quality and scope of knowledge and skills of its graduates. Theoretical analysis. The academic added value can serve as a tool to assess the degree of improvement / strengthening of knowledge, skills and abilities of students in the learning period, the extent of giving them opportunities of critical thinking and reflection on current events and changes, and the ability to learn throughout life. Empirical analysis. Obtained on the basis of academic value-added results provide an opportunity to compare the quality of educational institutions, with different levels of the student body. Results. Academic added value concept reflects the influence of external factors, often not related to the educational process, the level of educational achievements of students, raising more serious questions about the availability and quality of education as a whole, rather than its effectiveness, and makes research in the field of education to move to the assessment of learning outcomes, rather than inputs (especially such as funding and the professional level of the teaching staff).

Approaches to the Methodology for Assessing the Contribution of the University in the Innovative Development of the Region

Introduction. Strengthening the role of universities in regional development is determined by the relevance of the studies to identify the direction of the impact of the university on the region, as well as to assess how effective are the results of the impact of regional development.

Theoretical analysis. To identify and assess the role of universities in regional development in the foreign studies used different models to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of universities to social and economic development of the regions and innovative.

Methodology of the study. The development of a methodology for assessing the contribution of the university in the innovative development of the region involves determining approaches to setting trends, the degree of time and the impact of changes in the environment of the object of its operation. Evaluation of the contribution of the university in the innovative development of the region – an assessment of the impact of its dynamics on change in the functional structure of the region.

Results. Rate the university’s contribution to the innovative development of the region on a functional approach proposed by the following parameters: the presence of knowledge economy in the functional structure of the regional economy; its share, the nature of the interactions functionally organized units of the regional economy, the presence/absence of innovation rents; the level of innovative competitiveness of the regional economy. Drafted assessment will determine the presence and nature of the contribution (positive/negative effect) University in the innovative development of the region.

Cognitive Modeling the Impact of a Regional System of Higher Education in the Innovative Development of the Region

Introduction. To find the most effective management tools for interaction of regional higher education and regional innovation system to analyze their mutual influence through cognitive analysis. Theoretical analysis. To assess the role of regional institutions of higher education in regional development in the foreign studies used different models to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of universities to social and economic innovative development of the region. Empirical analysis. It is obvious that the education system and innovation system linked at the regional level. To construct the initial cognitive map, a model that reflects the current state of the education system and the regional innovation system and their influence on the innovative development of the region, used indicators of educational activities, research and innovation, human resource development, international activities, infrastructure, employment of university graduates, financial indicators. Results. Tools cognitive modeling can simulate the effects of decisions made on the interaction of all the actors of the regional innovation system: government, science and business at the regional level, and lays the foundation for the efficient use of the capacity of higher education institutions in promoting opportunities to promote regional development.

Universities Impact on Innovative Development of Regions: an Empirical Analysis

Introduction. In recent decades, questions the impact of universities on regional economic development and the search for the most effective mechanisms and instruments of cooperation of universities and regions attracts more and more attention from researchers and practitioners. Methodology of the study. In this article it was set the goal – to study the influence of Russian universities in the innovative development of the regions. To assess the impact of universities on the performance of innovative development of regions were used statistical data of Federal service of state statistics for 2010–2013. The factors characterizing the influence of the university, was chosen set of statistically observable on the financial performance of national research universities. To assess the level of innovation development of the region was used the method of integral rating analysis of innovative activity and knowledge production function model. Results. Analysis of the correlation of the analyzed regions of the Russian Federation shows significant differentiation parameters and dynamics influence the activities of national research universities in the innovative development of the region. By increasing the amount of funds they have received R & D contracts with businesses in relation to their total revenues to 1 million rubles, the level of innovation development of the region will increase by 4.8499 units, which indicates good prospects for the development of regions with the active collaboration of universities and business.

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