Economic

Introduction. Improving the competitiveness of organizations in the context of external challenges and economic crisis is one of the pillars of modern economic strategy of the state. The practice of developed countries shows that the determining condition for improving the competitiveness of organizations is an effective interaction between the various institutions. Hence the problem of the relationship between various institutional factors and their impact on the competitiveness of the organizations are very important. Theoretical analysis. The article discusses various approaches to identifying priority institutional factors affecting the competitiveness of organizations. Results. The author’s interpretation of the concept of «institutional factors», the author’s classification of institutional factors, including providing and blocking factors, the regularities of the relationships between them and shows their influence on the competitiveness of organizations.

Introduction.Changes in the economic system at the present stage first of all are bound to the changes imposed to the workforce. Currently, the intellectual work, which is characterized by cognition becomes more significant in industrial sector. In this connection, the importance of increased intangible goods, one of which is an intellectual goods run high. The intelligent goods have specific properties, one of which is fictitious. Theoretical analysis. The article contains various definitions of what «knowledge» and «information» are. It also contains the analysis of the features of the process of production of intellectual goods,in the creation of which the main resource is knowledge. Besides, the article contains the main approaches to the definition of «fictitious goods». Results. It is noted that there is a gap between value and the value of intellectual goods. Also noted that while determining the value of these goods comes up some difficulties with assessing the labor by their production. Based on an analysis of different approaches to the concept of «fictitious goods» defined that knowledge has the properties of fictitious and the intellectual goods is a fictitious goods, and that is its main feature.

Introduction. Increased interest in the performance of education systems in terms of strengthening the transparency for the state and society form the new tools for assessing the effectiveness based on the concept of the academic added value. Each educational system or institution can be evaluate from the point of view of efficiency of money spent by the state and the quality and scope of knowledge and skills of its graduates. Theoretical analysis. The academic added value can serve as a tool to assess the degree of improvement / strengthening of knowledge, skills and abilities of students in the learning period, the extent of giving them opportunities of critical thinking and reflection on current events and changes, and the ability to learn throughout life. Empirical analysis. Obtained on the basis of academic value-added results provide an opportunity to compare the quality of educational institutions, with different levels of the student body. Results. Academic added value concept reflects the influence of external factors, often not related to the educational process, the level of educational achievements of students, raising more serious questions about the availability and quality of education as a whole, rather than its effectiveness, and makes research in the field of education to move to the assessment of learning outcomes, rather than inputs (especially such as funding and the professional level of the teaching staff).

Introduction. Solving problems of technological development of Russia is an important task of formation of an innovative economy. In recent years there has been an intensification of mining operations and sales abroad, which can lead to rapid depletion of resources and the deterioration of the country in the future, but with competent macroeconomic policies, availability of raw materials and export of raw materials can be a major competitive advantage for the country. Theoretical analysis. The article analyzes the innovation of economic growth in terms of increase in production of natural resources, held in the framework of the Solow model, as well as evaluation and justification of the factors that negatively affect the economy. In the developed economic and mathematical model of growth based on the modification of the Solow model with constant saving rate. Discussion of results. In the simulations of the dynamics of technological development and analysis of the effect of the economy falling into the trap of underdevelopment in the lagging economy from the world’s technological leaders. It is proved that exogenous high prices for the resource at low technological level, capacity development and the level of education can lead to greater economic dependence on raw materials factor. With the help of mathematical modeling proved that at consistently high prices, the country will lose its potential for development and the economy will dominate the raw material component, further in the case of a fall in prices for the resource, the majority of investments in the economy again goes into the manufacturing sector, which, however, will have the potential for development insufficient to eliminate the backlog of the economy, may reduce the level of education in the case of inconsistency, which makes the output of the economy at world level impossible.