Management

Введение. Каждое высшее учебное заведение имеет свои особенности, которые отражаются в специфике управления им, представляется маловероятным выделить некие каноны стра- тегического управления в сфере высшего образования. В дан- ной работе ставится цель определить общее видение структуры стратегического управления высшими учебными заведениями с учётом разработанных ранее концепций. Теоретический анализ. Формирование глобальной сети обмена, преобра- зования и распространения информации привело к обостре- нию диалектического противоречия в паре «образовательный процесс – процесс научно-исследовательской деятельности» высших учебных заведений. Результаты. Предложенная структурная модель позволяет использовать одновременно различные концептуальные подходы к формированию страте- гий для различных сфер деятельности высшего учебного заве- дения. Формирование стратегии высшего учебного заведения должно учитывать сложность и многоплановость данных орга- низаций, а также диалектическое противоречие между такими основными направлениями деятельности высшего учебного за- ведения, как образовательный процесс и научная деятельность, отражаясь в использовании всей палитры подходов к формиро- ванию стратегий.

Introduction. The study of passenger’s behavior is crucial to improve theory of urban public transport organization. We compared the different approaches for explaining the motivations choosing of vehicles type and movement routes by passengers from the perspective of institutional theory. We simulated the passenger behavior by agent-based models. Theoretical analysis. Tr ansport behavior as a concept is fundamentally different from the commonly used concept of “transport mobility”, because ‘transport behavior’ is an integral characteristic of passengers’ motivation for using urban public transport. The analysis with institutional approach shown that the choice of transport mode and route of move made by not only minimizing the cost of the trip, but also there are many other factors that must be considered when describing public urban transport system. Empirical analysis. We used the agent-based modeling. We described four types of agents (passenger agent, vehicle agent, transport hub agent, transport network agent) in urban transport system. We developed the state transition graph for modeling the life cycle of the individual agent. Results. We made the concept of a multi-agent model of passengers’ behavior, we described four main types of agents, and presented their interactions and redundancy. The simulation results may be applying for compare different strategies choice of optimal routes for individual passengers, as well as to search for rational transportation routes for urban transport.

Introduction. An important aspect of the socio-economic development of the country is the account of the environmental component as a factor in demographic stability, improve the economic efficiency of production facilities, as well as increased responsibility of individuals and legal entities for the activity results. Theoretical analysis. The article deals with the mutual influence of economic activities of individuals and legal entities, and the existing tax system in the country to preserve the environment and maintain the ecological balance. Currently, the tax system of the Russian Federation does not fully reflect the principle of taxation of ecology, which leads to negative external influences that determine the high level of morbidity on the one hand, and the operation of mainly environmentally adverse production on the other. In a market economy the most important for the regulation of the economy are economic methods, which include and taxes. In this regard there was a need to analyze the current environment taxation system in the Russian Federation. Discussion of results. The result of the study indicated the problem was to identify environmental features of the tax system in the Russian Federation, support of environmental taxation issues and possible directions of development of the system.

Introduction. Article explains the necessity of activities professionalization of corporate control systems in Russian companies. Clear scientific selection of processes in the corporate governance system will determine their specificity, the composition of labor actions and functions for the formation of professional standards, which, in its turn will perform benchmarks in the development of educational programs for various levels of training in higher education system. Professionalization of the activities on corporate governance requires a clear separation of business processes and standardization functions. Theoretical analysis. The study of legal and corporate standards, coupled with the best practice of board of directors organization of the Russian companies has allowed to identify the main subject areas (directions) of activity in the corporate governance systems. Results. The author shows the relationship of corporate governance processes needs with the labor functions of existing professional standards for the purpose of justify the existing gaps in the qualifications required for the operation of corporate governance systems. Corporate management activities needs a professionalization and specialization, which in turn will require the restructuring of the corporate governance systems.