Management

Introduction. Recently, the market of educational services is growing and for viability, the university needs to increase its competitiveness, expand the boundaries of its activities, develops its potential. Theoretical analysis. A number of scientists with different visions of the process of generating knowledge worked on the understanding of the role of the university in the economy, thus several theoretical models were developed in which the phenomena of the entrepreneurial university are disclosed. Empirical analysis. In connection with the absence at the time of the developed system of indicators for assessing the entrepreneurial potential of higher education institutions, a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of entrepreneurial potential was proposed, taking into account the indicators of the six main potentials of the university, which allows to determine how effectively they realize their opportunities and use their own resources to implement the entrepreneurial Function. According to the proposed methodo logy, the entrepreneurial potential of four Saratov universities was assessed and conclusions were drawn. Results. On the example of the Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov. Recommendations are developed to improve the organizational structure of the university as an entrepreneurial institution on the basis of the proposed list of entrepreneurial functions and structural and functional analysis of the university. Measures have been developed to develop the entrepreneurial activity of the university in the national innovation system.

Introduction. Insufficient funding for innovation in Russia focuses researchers’ attention on studying and developing both the institutional environment and tools for assessing the effectiveness and risk of innovative projects and optimizing their organization in modern conditions. Theoretical analysis. Existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects, comparing the discounted income and project costs, consider the portfolio of innovative projects of companies and investors as static and create a limited picture of investment opportunities. Most innovative projects contain real options. And management of the investment innovative project should use the special methods that allow to take into account these circumstances. Empirical analysis. When using the real options method in assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects, it is necessary to take into account the following key parameters that affect the results and costs of the innovation project: the uncertainty of future income streams, the costs of owning and realizing options for the project, the present value of the future revenue stream, expected commercial value of the project, the cost of additional investments arising from additional development of project implementation scenarios, one hundred ka discounting taking into account the risk premium, the time period until the option is exercised and other conditions of exercise. Results. Accounting for the main characteristics of options for a more accurate multi-pricing of innovative projects compared with existing approaches based on the application of the real option method in the practice of investment project analysis will help to increase the accuracy of estimates and justify the feasibility of investors’ participation in the implementation of innovative projects. 

Introduction. The problem of freerides in the economy is being addressed. The example of passenger transport shows the negative impact and the limits of its development. The freerides problem is reflected both for the business that is providing the service and for bona fide users in the form of additional charges for servicing the freerides. Theoretical analysis. The freerides in various branches of the economy have been reviewed and summarized. Free services for natural persons, as exemplified by passenger transport, have been separately allocated. Description of the research object. The orientation of the control services to achieve full payment by all passengers for their journey in the electric train. In order to achieve full fare charges, the control of passengers in the electric train is considered at the interstation line of the road to be complete and continuous during the entire time of the train’s journey. The problem of finding an effective option for the provision of electric trains by supervisor’s staff is described. The solution to the empirical task. The task of optimizing the cost of maintaining the supervisors state by paying for travel on the train with different options for travel is being pursued. Results of the study. The phenomenon of freerides is not attributed to a negative phenomenon. The overall purpose of law enforcement is not to “eradicate” crime, but to “contain it at the optimum level”. The psychological aspect of the phenomenon, the systemic characteristics of the society also depend on the level of coverage of its freerides, which should be optimal for it as well. The systemic integrity of a society must be separated from the unsystemal state of the social community, but at the same time should not disrupt the production and targeting of a society. The second structural integrity must prevail over the first.

Introduction. The lack of financial support in the sphere of higher education, the acute need of the real sector of the economy in highly qualified personnel create the need to attract targeted capital for investment in the education sector. Theoretical analysis. One of the tools for implementing public-private partnership in the sphere of education is the endowment funds – endowments. The advantages of creating endowments include legal and systematic attraction of investment resources, the possibility of planning the development and implementation of projects, attracting professionals to the management of incomes, transparency of spending. The endowment fund is not only an additional source of income, but also an indicator of the competitiveness of universities. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the experience of functioning of endowment funds made it possible to determine their main characteristics, the factors of successful functioning in Russia and the direction of development of financing education through endowment funds. Results. The conducted research has shown that the macroeconomic significance of their activities is significant. Endowment funds as institutional investors can become a significant resource for investing innovative projects in Russia through the use of public-private partnership mechanisms and project finance with the state shoulder. The formation of regional “points of growth” on the basis of endowments and the subsequent multiplier effect for regional and national economies is one of the most important macroeconomic problems.