Management

Introduction. Any enterprise’s functioning in a market economy entails internal and external risks. Reducing their impact or leveling ensures a long-term existence of the business. In this view, the subject of the study is relevant. Theoretical analysis. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of economic and financial security. During the critical study of scientific publications it was determined that the interpretation of the financial security of enterprises definition is considered in terms of several approaches: complex, resource, financial. It was also found during the study that threats to financial security have a direct impact on production, personnel, information, etc. Empirical analysis. The main methods of research were analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of generalizing indicators. In the course of the study, it was found that the analyzed enterprise uses only quantitative indicators for evaluation, which are unable to identify most threats to financial interests. As a result, an open list of qualitative indicators was proposed that could assess the level of financial security. Results. The construction of the financial security risk matrix allowed us to establish that the total cost of implementing all risks per year can reach 90 million rubles, which is about 9% of the property of the enterprise. Having assessed the risks of financial security, we recommended that the management of the enterprise should pay attention to the realization of the profits loss risks due to the unstable position of suppliers and contractors in the market or the termination of their activities.

Introduction. Given the globalization of the economy and innovative challenges, economic growth and competitiveness of Russian industrial companies can only be achieved through their innovative development. High-tech companies in Russia are faced with problems of improving the efficiency of project management in the field of R&D, due to the need to review management tools and introduce project and portfolio management technologies, as well as the formation of a full-fledged corporate project management system and a portfolio of R&D projects taking into account the specifics of this sphere. Theoretical analysis. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of management theory, project and portfolio management, innovative and strategic management. The features of a high-tech project are identified, the types of projects in the field of R&D and their characteristics that affect the requirements for the project management system are considered. An analysis of existing approaches to the formation of a corporate system for managing high-tech projects showed a low level of elaboration of the issue under study. Empirical analysis. The main research method was the analysis of differences in the formation of classical project management systems and high-tech project management systems in the field of R&D. The requirements for a corporate project management system for various types of R&D projects are presented. Results. An algorithm has been developed for the formation of a corporate R&D project management system taking into account the identified specifics of projects. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of high-tech companies in order to increase the effectiveness of project management in the field of R&D.

Introduction. Being a corporate governance body, the board of directors underwent quite a long transformation in the framework of its functions in connection with the development of corporate regulators in Russia and the desire of domestic companies to implement the best international corporate governance practices. In the 90s and in the early 2000s, the board of directors was at the stage of formal functioning, starting in 2014 - at the standardization stage, implementing the agent concept. Today, despite compliance with Russian and international corporate governance standards, boards of directors have problems of a global nature that cannot be solved within the framework of agent theory. The development of boards of directors in domestic companies within the framework of resource theory is relevant. Theoretical analysis. The article analyzes the transformation of the external and internal characteristics of boards of directors since their appearance in Russian companies. The authors distinguish the stages of boards of directors’ development, prove the formal nature of the first stage, the development of the board in the framework of agent theory and the emergence of the third stage of development, which should correspond to the resource model of boards of directors. Results. In the process of the study, the board of directors’ problems were identified regarding interaction with managers, internal relationships, passivity and indifference of members, imbalance. As a direction for solving problems, it is proposed to build a council within the framework of a balanced council model in which balance is formed in a dynamic aspect.

Introduction. The authors analyzed the existing approaches to the study of innovative systems. It was shown that a deep and comprehensive study of their formation and functioning mechanisms can be performed by using simulation technologies. In the process of model development, the existing links between the participants of the innovation system must be systematized, and then quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated and verified. Theoretical analysis. Building pure mathematical models of innovation processes is quite difficult, so in world research practice much attention is paid to the development of simulation models, which allow to describe different scenarios of innovative technologies promotion. The authors compared these scenarios and chose the best option, then they systematized the basic approaches to innovative systems modeling. Empirical analysis. In practice, the development of the systemdynamic model is carried out sequentially. In the first step, the system or process under study is precisely identified to determine the potential boundaries of the modelled process. The model is presented as objects connected to each other within the established boundaries and existing behavior of the system. The final step is to build an influence graph, which allows to show the connections between all elements and determine the degree of their influence on each other. Results. The concept of the system-dynamic model developed by the authors is focused on the study of the innovation transfer process in the transport sector. The model considers the state influence, the size and nature of investments from various sources and mechanisms of information links formation between the participants of the transport process. Practical realization of the model will improve the investment mechanisms and study the involvement of universities into the innovational transport system.