Management

In the article the necessity of studying the behavior of the individual in selecting high-tech products, the output market innovation community. We propose an interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior in selecting high-tech products that appear on the market an innovative community at the junction of marketing, psychology, neurobiology. Theoretical analysis. The approaches to model the decision to purchase – as a consumer is able to make a purchase decision and how it takes on reality, systematized and classified the factors influencing its choice on the basis of regional differentiation of incomes. Results. Based on modeling and forecasting the demand for high-tech products between the patterns of influence on the human mind and the decision to purchase high-tech products.

The use of protective tools is one of the most important and controversial trends in foreign policy, especially in the formulation of economic policies in developing countries and countries with economies in transition in contemporary geo-economic transformations. Theoretical analysis. Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of protectionist regulation aimed at supporting the normal functioning of the national market mechanism under the presence in the global market economies with different efficiency and opportunistic features are highlighted and the reasons for the positive and negative consequences of the use of protectionism. The study of modern mechanism of protection in the context of the functioning of the WTO and the development of the global market led to the conclusion of the irreversibility of reducing import tariffs, which, however, does not preclude the temporary introduction of customs tariffs in developed countries in a quite high rates of import duties, which are widely used in the context of anti-dumping and countervailing investigations. In addition, the financial crisis, climate change and the requirements for food safety have led to the increased use of non-tariff instruments in the practice of protectionist regulations, which include technical barriers to trade, application of sanitary and phytosanitary standards. Conclusions. The study concluded that the need for protectionist instruments by developing countries including the country’s post-Soviet space, to achieve economic and social goals. In Ukraine, the protectionist tools are used primarily to achieve the traditional goals of protecting domestic producers and tariff regulation is carried out in accordance with WTO agreements, which gradually draws restrictions and support to certain limits: quantitative, time-bound and objectives. It thus minimizes the negative effects of protectionism in the development of national economies, global trade and consumer welfare of the global economy.

The economical growth of any country is directly related to innovation and technological development of those of its branches which have significant potential for improving the competitiveness of the national economy. In conditions of growing food crisis in many countries around the world, the importance of consideration of the possibilities for the production of high-quality food to those countries which possess the necessary capacity for this. Theoretical analysis. Analysis of the reasons hampering innovation activity of food industry enterprises in Ukraine has shown that the most powerful reasons are: lack of adequate financial resources for the implementation of innovative projects, innovative high costs of technical and technological equipment and highly qualified staff wages, the lack of a guaranteed quick return on these costs. Results. The food industry is a strategic sector for the economy of Ukraine. However, the analysis showed that it still has not been able to go to the innovative development. Proof of this are the high rates of wear and tear means of labor, a low percentage of enterprises with innovative characteristics, low level of introduction resource-saving technologies, difficulties in attracting scientific and human resources, search for new ideas. The country’s economy, and in particular its food industry needs to find sources of financing of innovative projects, settlement mechanisms for the use of credit resources, the implementation of an effective system of tax exemptions. Effective lever of accelerating scientific and technological progress in this field may be the use of the experience of developed countries on strengthening the state’s role in the innovation process. Conclusion. Food industry of Ukraine is well positioned to enhance the role of Ukraine among food producers in the world. Priority task at this stage is to intensify innovation and the transition to a higher level of technology.

Rationale of scientific approaches to the development of federal regulation of the service sector is the greatest difficulties in Russia as state policy until recently denied the need to intervene in this area. Methods. The development of the service involves the allocation of sectors and areas of activity, which, being socially relevant, require federal financial or regional financial help, and those that can evolve independently on the basis of entrepreneurial activity, but need a federal and state tax benefits. The methods proposed federal selective policy in the service sector. Conclusions. Development of targeted federal programs must be preceded by the selection of social policies that require this management approach. Necessary to carry out the federal target program for the development of the service industry, policy makers of the state in regard to this area, divide the service industry groups in the degree of social importance and the need for intervention by the federal and regional authorities in their functioning and work against them self-control techniques to develop leverage management to ensure normal reproductive process.